E-bike and scooter crashes are driving a sharp rise in severe brain and spinal injuries across U.S. Cities, with trauma cases involving micromobility devices jumping from under 10% to over 50% of emergency room visits at one Fresh York hospital between 2018 and 2023.
The surge reflects both the explosive growth in e-bike use and the dangers posed by urban traffic patterns. Nationwide, e-bike injuries climbed from 1,600 in 2018 to 23,000 in 2022, while sales rose from 50,000 to 527,000 over the same period. At Bellevue Hospital alone, micromobility-related trauma accounted for 7% of all visits between 2018 and 2023.
Researchers found that one-third of injured patients suffered traumatic brain injury, more than two-thirds required hospitalization, and roughly 30% needed intensive care. Alcohol played a role in about one in five cases, correlating with worse outcomes and lower helmet use — fewer than a third of riders wore helmets at the time of injury.
Collisions with cars or trucks caused roughly half of all incidents, underscoring that most serious harm comes from external vehicles rather than rider-to-rider or rider-to-pedestrian impacts. Yet pedestrians struck by e-bikes faced disproportionate risks, sustaining brain injuries at nearly twice the rate of riders in the study.
Injury patterns showed a clear temporal trend, peaking between 6 and 8 p.m., a window researchers linked to high-volume e-bike delivery traffic during dinner hours. This timing suggests commercial use intensifies risk during peak urban activity.
The human toll is evident in individual cases like Roberta Simon, an attorney who was walking in Central Park in August 2024 when struck by a teen on an e-bike. She spent four days unconscious in hospital, sustained 40 staples to her head and required a throat tube, taking six months to resume normal activities.
New York City recorded 17 e-bike-related fatalities in 2024, with Tampa Bay reporting at least 28 deaths over five years. In 2025, the city logged 901 e-bike injuries — a 41% increase from the prior year — while two California towns near San Diego declared emergencies after fatal crashes.
Experts remain divided on prevention strategies. Transportation Alternatives’ Alexa Sledge argues the priority must be infrastructure: protected lanes and separated pathways to shield cyclists and pedestrians from cars. “The vast majority of deaths involve cars and trucks killing people on e-bikes,” she said, advocating for expanded protected zones across all transport modes.
Others point to behavioral fixes — helmet mandates, enforcement of speed limits, and penalties for riding under the influence — as immediate, actionable steps. The NYU Langone study explicitly endorsed helmet use, safer lane design, and enforcement as proven measures to reduce trauma.
Why are pedestrians at higher risk of brain injury when hit by e-bikes?
Pedestrians lack any protective gear and are often struck unexpectedly, leading to more severe trauma than riders who may benefit from helmets or the bike’s frame during impact.
What role does delivery traffic play in e-bike injury patterns?
Injuries peak between 6 and 8 p.m., coinciding with high-volume dinner-hour delivery trips, suggesting commercial e-bike use significantly contributes to urban risk during evening rush hours.