The cobalt and copper deposits in Congo have played a central role in the country’s economic and political challenges. Recent reports indicate that the $100 million investment, led by foreign partners, seeks to professionalize security around mining operations. However, the effort faces significant hurdles, as the eastern provinces where these minerals are concentrated remain among the most volatile in the country. Armed groups have historically exploited these areas, raising questions about whether the new force will stabilize the sector or introduce new complexities.
The US-China Mineral Race as a Backdrop
The agreement between Congo and the US, which grants American companies preferential access to mining assets, highlights the broader geopolitical competition over critical minerals. China currently processes a significant share of the world’s cobalt, much of it sourced from Congo, and has established long-term contracts to secure its supply. In response, the US has increased its engagement in the region, including financial support for security initiatives. The involvement of the UAE adds another dimension, as Abu Dhabi seeks to diversify its economic interests and strengthen its role in the energy transition.
For Congo, the paramilitary unit represents an attempt to address persistent security failures that have hindered mining development. Previous efforts to reform the sector have yielded limited results, and the new force reflects a recognition that existing approaches have fallen short. However, the success of the initiative will depend on sustained foreign support, particularly from the US, which has a mixed record of long-term engagement in Africa. The UAE’s participation further complicates the dynamics, as its interests extend beyond economics to broader strategic positioning.
Will Mining Guards Become Another Armed Faction?
The effectiveness of the paramilitary unit remains uncertain. Eastern Congo has been plagued by conflict for decades, with armed groups often financed by illicit mineral trade. The new force could improve security conditions, but there are concerns it may instead become another actor competing for control of mining sites. The 20,000 guards will operate in a region where state authority is limited, and past foreign-backed security efforts have produced uneven results.
Investors are closely monitoring the initiative, as the $100 million investment represents a fraction of the funding needed to fully develop Congo’s mining sector. The effort signals a commitment to addressing security risks, but its impact remains unclear. If the guards fail to professionalize, they could disrupt supply chains rather than protect them. Success, on the other hand, might serve as a model for other mineral-rich nations facing similar challenges.
One critical aspect absent from current discussions is the potential human impact. Congo’s mining sector has been linked to labor abuses, displacement, and environmental harm. A paramilitary approach does not directly address these issues and could worsen them if human rights are not prioritized. The 2028 deployment target is ambitious, and the true measure of success will be whether the force can operate without contributing to the region’s history of violence.
What to Watch: The 2028 Deadline—and Beyond
The next two years will determine whether Congo’s paramilitary experiment proves effective or introduces new risks. The 2028 deadline is tight, and the country’s track record with security sector reform raises doubts about its ability to meet it. If the force is deployed as planned, it could reassure investors and stabilize supply chains—but only if it avoids becoming a source of instability. Failure could have broader consequences, disrupting global mineral markets and reinforcing existing supply chain dependencies.
For now, the US and UAE are pursuing a security-focused solution, but the approach carries significant risks. In a region where past interventions have often created unintended problems, the outcome of this initiative will be closely watched. The true test will not be whether the force is deployed on schedule, but whether it can operate without deepening Congo’s longstanding conflicts.